Background: The serratus anterior (SA) muscle is an important scapular stabilizer and has a profound role in retaining the scapulohumeral rhythm. Therefore, modi&#xFB01, ed push-up plus (MPUP) has been advised to strengthen this muscle as a closed chain workout. However, few previous studies have reported the possibility of a reparative motion from pectoralis major (PM) that could replace and amend SA’, s function during push-up plus. Objectives: The current study examined MPUP’, s eff, ect using biofeedback EMG on some of the selected scapular stabilizers. Methods: Sixteen healthy young subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Each subject performed push-ups, from the quadruped position, under two conditions (i. e., with or without visual and auditory biofeedback). Surface EMG measured pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and upper trapezius activity. A paired t-test was used to determine any statistically signi&#xFB01, cant diff, erence between the two conditions. Additionally, the eff, ect size was calculated to quantify the magnitude of EMG biofeedback in each muscle. Results: MPUP training using biofeedback signi&#xFB01, cantly increased SA muscle activity and decreased PM muscle activity, but there was no signi&#xFB01, cant change in UT activity. Conclusions: Excessive PM activity was repressed because of biofeedback, and the workout was done with the enhancement of SA muscular activity. Thus, including biofeedback while doing MPUPs helps limit PM’, s supplementary action and enhance SA muscle activity.

In this study, a novel and convenient electrochemical sensor was fabricated by using dripping well-dispersed graphene oxide nanosheets, electropolymerization of poly glycine (p-Gly) and in situ plating of metallic copper nanoparticle fi lm methods, successively. This sensor was further employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of hydrazine. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used for the characterization of the prepared fi lm. Anodic peak potential of hydrazine oxidation at the surface of modifi ed electrode shifts by about 150 mV toward negative values compared with that on the bare electrode. The kinetic parameters such as the electron transfer coeffi cient (α ) and charge transfer rate constant (k) for the oxidation of hydrazine was determined utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV). The diffusion coeffi cient (D) of hydrazine was also estimated using chronoamperometry. The dynamic detection range of this sensor to hydrazine was 5-60 and 80-150 µ M at the modifi ed electrode surface using an amperometric method. The detection limit and quantitation are 5. 33 µ M and 17. 77 µ M, respectively. A new voltammetric method for determination of hydrazine was erected and shows good sensitivity and selectivity, wider linear relationship, very easy surface update and good stability.

Background: Sleep deprivation is a common problem among the elderly in the cardiac care unit (CCU). Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the eff ects of environmental modifi cations on sleep quality improvement in these people. Methods: The study population included 60 elderly patients whose sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with even domains. The environmental factors that can disturb sleep quality were determined via a questionnaire, including 13 questions on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 22 software via independent sample student t-test and chi-square. Results: After environmental modifi cations, the total sleep quality scores changed from 11. 8 to 5. 96, indicating sleep quality improvement. Before executing the environmental modifi cations, there were no signifi cant correlations between sleep quality scores and demographic variables (sex, age, marital status, and economic status). However, after the modifi cations, there was a signifi cant relationship between sleep quality and economic status (P = 0. 024). Conclusions: Environmental factors can aff ect sleep quality in the elderly hospitalized in CCU. Therefore, it is possible to improve sleep quality in these individuals by modulating environmental conditions.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and anesthesiologists are facing challenges in the airway management of such patients. Excessive adipose tissue infl uences pharyngeal spaces and aff ects the laryngoscopic grade. Standard ramp positioning is time-consuming and diffi cult to prepare, and requires expensive equipment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the standard ramp position with the proposed low-cost and easily accessible modifi ed ramp position in laryngoscopic view during the intubation of patients with morbid obesity. Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 84 patients candidate for bariatric surgery at Rasoul Akram Hospital in 2020 were assigned to the rapid airway management positioner (RAMP) (R) and new modifi ed RAMP (MR) groups by the block randomization method. The laryngoscopic view of the glottis based on the Cormack-Lehane scale, ventilation quality, duration of intubation, intubation attempts, oxygen saturation at the end of intubation, and the need for backward, upward, rightward pressure (BURP) maneuver for successful intubation were recorded. Normal distribution tests and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed no signifi cant diff erences between the two groups regarding ventilation score, laryngoscopy grade, number of intubation attempts, duration of intubation, and the need for BURP maneuvers during intubation (P > 0. 05). Conclusions: The two methods are not signifi cantly diff erent, and the new modifi ed ramp position can be used with more ease and availability and less cost.

Context: RNA editing is an essential modifi cation that needs to develop normal cells and is involved in a wide range of biological processes. It can arise in both coding and non-coding sequences with diff erent functional eff ects. Although the expansion of transcriptome diversity is the primary goal of RNA editing, dysregulation and aberrant editing may act as an essential contributor to cancer pathogenesis. Evidence Acquisition: The current review aimed to investigate the role of RNA editing in cancer initiation and progression. Science Direct and PubMed databases were reviewed from 2000 to 2020 and 2003 to 2020, respectively, using various combinations of "RNA editing" and "cancer" keywords. Results: The location of editing sites has diff erent functional impacts on tumorigenesis. Nonsynonymous editing in antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) leads to a metastatic progression of colorectal and gastric cancer. Recoding editing events in bladder cancerassociated protein (BLCAP) is correlated with the progression of cervical carcinogenesis. Editing events located at 3 UTRs are also a general mechanism to promote tumor growth in diff erent types of cancers. A signifi cant number of editing events in microRNAs with a functional role in cancer are also reported. These editing sites could change the fate and function of microRNAs, either by preventing target mRNA recognition or by dysregulating an off-target mRNA. Conclusions: There are increasing shreds of evidence on the key role of RNA editing events in cancer initiation and progression. 0

Background: Ultrasound (US)-guided classical and modifi ed thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) blocks are often used to provide adequate analgesia after lumbar spinal surgery. Postoperative pro-infl ammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) blood concentrations after lumbar spine surgery are related to postoperative pain and infl ammation. Objectives: The purpose of this prospective randomized parallel controlled study was to assess postoperative pain and serum levels of pro-infl ammatory IL-6 after posterior lumbar decompression and stabilization surgery with a classical and modifi ed technique of TLIP block. Methods: This prospective randomized, single-blinded controlled pilot study was conducted on eight patients who will undergo posterior lumbar decompression and stabilization surgery. After obtaining the ethical approval and an informed consent, all subjects were randomly allocated into the classic TLIP group and the modifi ed TLIP group. Following general anesthesia induction, 20 mL bupivacaine 0. 25% was injected on each side in interfascialis plane between m. longissimus and m. iliocostalis in modifi ed TLIP group and between m. multifi dus and m. longissimus in classical TLIP group. Intraoperative hemodynamic (blood pressure and heart rate) and noxious stimulation response level (qNOX), postoperative IL-6 level, 24-hour morphine consumption, and numerical rating score were recorded and analyzed. Results: The median of IL-6 level was found to be lower in the modifi ed TLIP group 12 hours postoperatively compared to classic TLIP (29. 91 (8. 56 – 87. 61) vs. 46. 87 (2. 87 – 92. 35)). The mean Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in the modifi ed TLIP block was comparable with the classic TLIP group, although it was lower than the classic TLIP group (2. 75  1. 5 vs. 3. 75  1. 7 at 6 hours and 3. 5  1. 3 vs. 4  1. 6 12 hours postoperatively). However, there was no diff erence in intraoperative hemodynamic, Qnox value, and total postoperative morphine consumption between the two groups. Conclusions: Our study showed that modifi ed TLIP block resulted in lower IL-6 level and NRS 12 hours postoperatively compared to classical TLIP block. However, there were no diff erences in total postoperative morphine consumption between the two groups.